The motor is an energy conversion mechanism, and some losses will inevitably occur in the process of energy conversion, and most of these losses will be turned into heat dissipation, which will increase the temperature of the motor. Excessive temperatures can lead to a shortened life of certain motor components, which can eventually lead to failures. When designing the motor, the heat generation and heat dissipation methods of the motor will be comprehensively considered, so as to ensure that the temperature of the motor is within a certain range during normal operation, so as to ensure the design life of the main components of the motor.
However, when the motor is actually running, the temperature will be too high in some cases. Overheating of windings and overheating of bearings is common, and this is also an important factor in the failure of motor windings and bearings.
Winding heating is the main factor affecting the insulation life of the winding, and we can see the relationship between the winding temperature and the insulation life of the motor from Figure 3. For every 10 degrees increase in temperature, the winding insulation life is approximately halved.
At the same time, high temperatures can reduce the strength and hardness of the metal, as well as reduce the characteristics of the grease and accelerate the aging of the seals.
Therefore, understanding the root cause of the increase in motor temperature can help us correct the problem and extend the service life of the motor winding and bearing.
A common cause of overheating in motor windings
The motor is overloaded
Overload is the most common cause of motor overtemperature failure. Overload is overcurrent, which will lead to an increase in the copper loss of the winding, an increase in the heat generation, and an increase in the temperature of the winding.
Motor overload is usually caused by the following two aspects:
Improper selection (small horse-drawn cart)
The external load changes and exceeds the allowable load rating
Usually the optimal efficiency operating point of the motor design is close to about 75% of the rated load, which is considered in the selection, so that the winding temperature of the motor is relatively low and the energy consumed is the least in actual operation.
In some customer applications, the motor has a high load factor and is close to full load. In this way, the temperature rise of the motor winding is close to the upper limit, and once the ambient temperature is high or the heat dissipation conditions are poor, the temperature of the motor winding and housing is very high.
Poor environment and ventilation
The ambient temperature is too high
The cooling circuit is blocked, the ventilation is not smooth, and the air volume for heat dissipation is insufficient
The self-cooling fan motor is used for speed regulation operation, which runs for a long time at low speed and high torque, and the air volume for heat dissipation is insufficient
Stand-alone fan failure shutdown
At the motor installation site or motor vent, there is no guarantee that cold air can enter effectively and hot air can be discharged
Power supply voltage effect
The three-phase voltage imbalance of the power supply will lead to a greater current imbalance, and the negative sequence component of the current will cause an increase in stator losses, so the temperature rise of the stator windings will increase higher than that when operating at the equilibrium voltage
If the supply voltage is too low, the current required increases while providing the same mechanical power, resulting in an increase in the temperature rise of the motor
The harmonic current and negative sequence current brought by the voltage harmonics on the grid side will produce additional copper and iron losses, resulting in an increase in the temperature rise of the motor
other
Motor winding design, e.g. low slot fill rate, poor heat dissipation of the winding
Damage to the core insulation and increased eddy current losses should lead to an increase in the temperature rise of the motor
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