(1) The cause of moisture in the cabinet
1) Environment shutdown. The ring main unit or the opening and closing station itself is a closed environment, because of the poor ventilation conditions, it is easy to gather moisture and generate condensation, and there are many large buildings today in order to reduce the occupied area, the opening and closing station, the power distribution room is built in the basement. Because the indoor environment and cable trench are closed and dark, there is a lack of ventilation windows, which is not conducive to air convection, and the moisture gathered in the room is not easy to escape, which will greatly increase the relative humidity in the opening and closing station.
2) Temperature difference changes. As the temperature changes caused by the heating of the electrical equipment in the cabinet, coupled with the change of ambient temperature, the water vapor will condense into condensation when it encounters the cold surface of the cabinet or the wall.
3) Air humidity. The harsh humid and hot environment can easily lead to condensation or even water accumulation on the surface of electrical equipment, and the insulation function is severely reduced, and corrosion damage to the occurrence of severe failures. Relevant research shows that general electrical equipment is more suitable for normal operation in the environment of 40%-60% relative humidity [1-2], and when the relative humidity exceeds 80%, moisture will have an adverse effect on electrical equipment.
(2) Hazards of electrical equipment after moisture
1) The hazard of condensation. Condensation on the surface of the insulating material, especially after the insulation surface is dirty, the creepage of the insulation surface will decrease, the free electrons on the surface of the medium will increase, and then cause the insulation resistance value to decrease, when the resistance value drops to a certain extent, it will cause partial discharge under the effect of conduction current.
2) Ozone hazards. After the partial discharge effect of the water vapor in the cabinet, the water molecules will be ionized into hydroxide ions, and the oxygen ions in the cabinet will be combined to form ozone, which has strong oxidation, and the bimolecular chain structure of epoxy resin insulation materials will be damaged by ozone, and the insulation layer of electrical equipment will be damaged.
3) Hazards of galvanic corrosion. Each metal has a critical relative humidity with a value between 50% and 80%, and when the humidity reaches the critical relative humidity, an adsorbed electrolyte film will occur on the surface of the metal, and the presence of this liquid film will change the metal from chemical corrosion to electrochemical corrosion [3]. Because the corrosive properties have changed, the corrosive ability has been greatly enhanced. When the atmosphere contains pollutants and the humidity exceeds 80%, the corrosion rate is greatly accelerated, which can seriously harm the equipment components.
Condensation, ozone, and galvanic corrosion often combine with each other to accelerate the deterioration of insulation function and damage equipment components. The discharge phenomenon of the insulation surface can not only cause heat and ozone, but also cause the hydrophobic function of the insulation material to further decrease. The water droplets will move or deform under the effect of electrostatic force, so that the moist area of the insulation surface expands, and then the discharge area is expanded, and the discharge trace in the shape of leaf meridians is formed on the insulation surface along the surface due to partial discharge, and then gradually leads to the occurrence of insulator flashover.
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