In the field of measurement and control, sensors designed by a certain principle can measure a variety of non-electric power at the same time, and sometimes a non-electric power can be measured by a variety of sensors of different principles, so there are many classification methods for sensors, which can generally be classified according to the following methods.
1. Categorize by input amount
According to the input quantity, it can be divided into pressure, displacement, speed, temperature, humidity and other sensors. This classification clearly expresses the purpose of the sensor and is easy to choose, but it classifies sensors with different principles, and it is difficult to find the commonalities and differences in the conversion principles of each sensor.
2. Classified according to the principle of measurement
This classification method is based on the principles, laws and effects of physics and chemistry, such as voltage, thermoelectric, resistive, photoelectric, inductive, etc. The advantage of this classification method is that the working principle of the sensor is relatively clear, and there are few categories, which is conducive to in-depth analysis and research of the sensor.
3. Classification according to energy relationship
According to the energy point of view, sensors can be divided into active sensors and passive sensors. The former converts non-electrical energy into electrical energy and is called an energy conversion sensor. It is usually equipped with voltage measurement circuits and amplifiers, such as piezoelectric, thermoelectric, electromagnetic, etc. Passive sensors are also known as energy-controlled sensors. It is not a transducer per se, and the measured non-electric power only controls or regulates the energy in the sensor. Therefore, they must have an auxiliary power supply, such sensors are resistive, capacitive, inductive, etc.
4. Classification according to the relevant theories of semiconductors
It is divided into semiconductor force-sensitive, thermal, light-sensitive, gas-sensitive and other solid-state sensors.
5. Categorize by output
There are analog and digital sensors according to the output volume. The output signal of an analog sensor is analog; The output signal of the digital sensor is digital, which is easy to use with the computer and has strong anti-interference, such as disc angle pressure digital sensor, grating sensor, etc.
6. Other classifications
Sensors can also often be classified according to structural type and physical property type.
(1) Structural type
It is mainly through the change of the geometry or size of the mechanical structure to convert the measured external to the change of the corresponding resistance, inductance, capacitance and other physical quantities, so as to detect the measured signal. This type of sensor is currently the most widely used.
(2) Physical property type
Physical properties are measured by using the changes in the physical properties of certain materials themselves. It is a solid-state device that is a sensitive material such as semiconductors, dielectrics, ferroelectrics, etc.
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