The main functions of the switch include physical addressing, network topology, error checking, frame sequence, and flow control. At present, the switch also has some new functions, such as support for VLANs (virtual local area networks), support for link aggregation, and even firewall functions.
In addition to being able to connect to the same type of network, switches can also interconnect between different types of networks, such as Ethernet and Fast Ethernet. Many of today's switches are capable of providing high-speed connectivity ports that support fast Ethernet or FDDI, etc., to connect to other switches in the network or to provide additional bandwidth for bandwidth-intensive critical servers.
Generally speaking, each port of a switch is used to connect to a separate network segment, but sometimes in order to provide faster access, we can connect some important network computers directly to the port of the switch. In this way, the network's key servers and important users have faster access speeds and support greater information traffic.
Learning function: The Ethernet switch learns the MAC address of the device connected to each port, maps the address with the corresponding port, and stores it in the MAC address table in the switch cache.
Forwarding filtering: When the destination address of a data frame is mapped in the MAC address table, it is forwarded to the ports connected to the destination node instead of all ports (or to all ports if the data frame is a broadcast/multicast frame).
Eliminate loops: When a switch includes a redundant loop, the Ethernet switch avoids loops through a spanning tree protocol while allowing for a fallback path.
Refresher: The Ethernet AC machine tastes the MAC address of the device connected to each port, and maps the address to the responding port and stores it in the MAC address table in the AC cache.
Forwarding/Filtering: When the destination address of a data frame is mapped in the MAC address table, it is forwarded to the ports of the destination node adjacent to it instead of all ports (or to all ports if the data frame is a broadcast/multicast frame).
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