The essence of energy feedback is active inverter, and the energy feedback of the general inverter is completed by the reverse parallel three-phase inverter at the uncontrolled rectification of the pre-stage of the general inverter, and the regenerative energy is fed to the power grid. The main circuit of the energy feedback equipment is mainly composed of an inverter bridge composed of thyristors, IGBT and IPM modules and some peripheral circuits.
The output end of the inverter bridge is connected to the input terminals R, S and T of the inverter through three choke reactors, and the input end is connected to the DC side of the general inverter through a blocking diode to ensure the one-way flow of energy in the direction of "inverter-active inverter bridge-power grid". The function of choke reactors is to balance the differential voltage, current limiting and filtering, and play a key role in the regenerative energy feedback to the grid.
The operation process of the system is as follows: when the motor is running, the active inverter equipment is not operating, and the inverter switch pipe is all closed and is in a shutdown state; When the motor is in the state of regenerative power generation, the energy is fed back to the grid by the motor, and the active inverter equipment needs to be activated.
When the motor is in the state of power generation and braking, the renewable energy of the motor is communicated to charge the energy storage capacitor in the DC link of the center of the inverter, resulting in the increase of the DC bus voltage, as long as the size of the Ud is detected, the condition of the motor can be judged, so as to control the active inverter equipment and complete the energy feedback.
When the DC bus voltage exceeds the peak voltage of the grid line due to the energy being fed back to the DC side by the motor, the rectifier bridge of the general inverter is shut down due to the acceptance of back pressure; When the DC bus voltage continues to rise and exceeds the active inverter operating voltage, the inverter starts to operate and feeds back energy from the DC side to the power grid. When the DC bus voltage drops to the operating voltage of the enclosed inverter, the active inverter is enclosed.
After the active inverter method is used to feed back the regenerative energy that occurs when the motor is decelerated and braked to the power grid, the general inverter can overcome the inefficiency of the traditional general inverter using the braking resistance method and the lack of satisfying fast braking and frequent forward/rotary operation, so that the general inverter can operate in four quadrants.
1) Energy feedback control system
A perfect energy feedback control system should be satisfied with the phase, voltage, current and other three aspects of the control conditions, that is, the feedback process is required to maintain a synchronous relationship with the phase of the power grid, as long as the DC bus voltage exceeds a certain value before the active inverter equipment is started; The system should be able to control the size of the feedback current, so that the braking torque of the motor can be controlled to complete fine braking.
2) Two kinds of general-purpose inverter energy feedback equipment
In recent years, some new energy feedback devices have also used intelligent modules such as IPM to simplify the architecture of energy feedback equipment.
(1) Thyristor energy feedback equipment: The main circuit of energy feedback is composed of thyristor equipment, which is also a relatively early energy feedback device, which is not only used in frequency converters, but also used in braking of some DC reversible speed regulation systems.
(1) The forward operation status of the general inverter: when the motor is in the electric state, the rectifier of the inverter is operating, while the thyristor equipment in the energy feedback equipment is not triggered, and is in the cut-off state, and the rectifier is in the forward operation. The controllable inverter part of the inverter is triggered, the uncontrollable reverse rectification part is in the cut-off state, and the inverter is in the forward operation.
(2) Reverse operation of general inverter: when the motor is in the power generation condition, the rectifier of the inverter is in the cut-off state, and the thyristor equipment in the energy feedback equipment is triggered to operate. The controllable inverter part of the inverter is still triggered, the uncontrollable reverse rectification part is in the operating condition, and the inverter is in reverse operation.
(2) IGBT energy feedback equipment: the main circuit of energy feedback is composed of IGBT equipment, which is most used in the general inverter, and the freewheeling diode integrated with IGBT equipment can not be used as rectifier equipment under the restriction of the barrier diode connected to the DC side. The cost should be higher than that of thyristor energy feedback equipment.
(1) Forward operation of the general inverter: when the motor is in the electric condition, the rectifier of the inverter is operating, while the IGBT equipment in the energy feedback equipment is not triggered, and the rectifier is in the forward operation. The IGBT equipment in the inverter is triggered, the uncontrollable reverse rectification part is in the cut-off state, and the inverter is in the forward operation.
(2) Reverse operation of general inverter: when the motor is in the power generation condition, the rectifier of the inverter is cut off, and the IGBT equipment in the energy feedback equipment is triggered. The IGBT equipment in the inverter is still triggered, the uncontrollable reverse rectification part is in the operating condition, and the inverter is in the reverse operation.
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