Current gasoline-powered cars are electronically powered. Electronic systems are playing an increasingly important role in modern vehicles. The various subsystems within it have very different power requirements and require a mix of components to improve power efficiency. With today's batteries not charging fast enough to fill up in five minutes or less, all-electric vehicles are still a relatively scarce commodity, and they are failing to meet the growing demand for the power generation capacity needed for this transition. However, electronic controls and electricity are becoming an increasingly large part of modern automobiles, even if electricity itself is not a moving force. Passive power components, engine compartments, and integral passenger compartments make cars safer, lighter, and more energy-efficient than ever before. They are elevating the driving experience.
LED lighting
At the same power, there is no proven technology that can provide more lumens than LEDs. As a result, LEDs are rapidly replacing halogen-based headlamps, taillights, and signal lights, as well as in the passenger areas of cars. LEDs are also becoming more prevalent in interior lighting. They are no longer just for high-end cars, LEDs are rapidly becoming more common in mid-price and even lower-priced vehicles.
Now and in the future, the use of LEDs in automobiles will be more diverse, and LEDs with different powers, colors, and duty cycles will absorb different amounts of current. At the same time, they also require different operating voltages. Voltage conversion can be done easily and efficiently with modern buck and boost converters built with miniature semiconductor controllers.
Even for high-speed vehicles, the passenger compartment is a relatively good environment. However, outdoor lighting environments can be cold in the winter and hot and humid in the summer. In all cases, an irreplaceable passive component in these voltage conversion devices is the inductor. These inductors are typically used in harsher environments and need to withstand greater vibration and temperature variations than other inductors. Components optimized for each individual case will save weight and space and generate as little waste heat as possible.
Related components: HCM1A inductor, DRA inductor, DRAQ inductor
Powertrain
The power train consists of an engine, transmission, shaft, cooling fan, and elements such as oil, water, and fuel pumps. These devices and systems used to be mechanically driven and controlled by hydraulics and fan belts. Electronically controlled and electrically driven motors are increasingly replacing these heavy, wasteful, and inefficient modes. Tighter control and lower gross vehicle weight are driving improved fuel economy and more precise control. (These BLDC-driven pumps and rotors will not be more reliable due to the large number of extra components used to make them work).
These systems must be provided with a stable power supply with large differences in voltage distribution. Because they are located outside the passenger compartment and are subjected to extreme heat and vibration, the inductors of these systems must be robust enough to withstand harsh environments.
Related components: HCM1A inductors
Infotainment and telematics
Consumers demand infotainment in their cars because they want to be able to enjoy the comforts of a living room in their cars. Manufacturers are acting in accordance with this requirement. These systems require a range of graphics controllers, touch screens, and information systems, each of which requires its own specific operating voltage. These systems typically make up the second largest number of applications that make up the vehicle's power needs. Because many of these applications, such as satellite radios or in-vehicle Wi-Fi, involve high-speed data or RF signal transmission, Eaton Bussmann ESD suppressors are ideal protection devices for these situations due to their low capacitance.
While the voltage requirements are more diverse than lighting systems, they are all deployed in the passenger compartment, so the requirements for robustness are not as stringent.
Related components: HCMA inductors, MPIAV2 inductors, 0402ESDA-AEC ESD suppressors, PS04 ESD suppressors
Safety and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS)
Another area where there is a high demand for vehicle power is safety and advanced driver assistance. This includes powering the vehicle's radar, lidar (laser-based light detection and ranging system), and cameras. These combined sensor systems create a holistic picture of the vehicle's surroundings much faster than any human driver.
There must also be a computing system in place to assess any possible security threat factors. If necessary, the system must intervene in the steering, acceleration and/or braking systems to instantly evade any detected threats. It must also be able to interface with any autonomous driving system.
In the event of an accident, critical active safety devices need access to power that may be supplied by short-term backup power sources, as the battery wiring may be cut off, or the battery itself may be damaged, causing airbags, seatbelt tensioners, emergency call devices, etc. to fail. Eaton Bussmann supercapacitors offer an efficient and highly reliable option for storing short-term, high-power energy in a centralized safety device or in the unit itself. Eaton Bussmann ESD suppressors provide the necessary ESD protection for the sensitive ICs that manage these systems, and Eaton Bussmann fuses locally protect PCBs from damage that could lead to short circuits.
Some of these systems will be located in the passenger compartment, while others will be located in the engine compartment. The components of each associated power converter must be selected appropriately.
Related components: MPIAV2 inductors, TVA supercapacitors, CC12H chip fuses, 0402ESDA-AEC ESD suppressors
48-volt challenge
High-end manufacturers have already started incorporating 48-volt batteries in their vehicles, and this trend is expected to extend to all cars in the future. Eventually, a 48-volt battery could completely replace today's 12-volt battery. For a 48-volt battery, for a given power, a higher voltage means less current, which means less power loss – due to the relationship P=I2R.
For today's affected high-end vehicles, 48-volt batteries will be used in applications that require 500 watts and above, such as power steering, water pumps, turbochargers, suspension system controls, and drivetrains and transmissions. In addition, some of these vehicles will be close to hybrid, with batteries providing actual movement at times when the vehicle is barely moving, such as during traffic jams and parking. The 12-volt battery will primarily meet the needs of the passenger compartment, such as the infotainment system and interior lighting.
AEC-Q200
AEC-Q200 is an international standard developed by the Automotive Electronics Council (AEC) to regulate automotive passive electrical components. It specifies the requirements for temperature, humidity and resistance to thermal shock – there are different requirements for the passenger compartment and the exterior area.
Voltage spike protection is also included, and the standard for 48-volt components is much higher than for 12-volt components. For a full-meter 400-volt or 500-volt battery that will be used in a pure electric vehicle, the standard is even higher.
In all cases, Eaton Bussmann's automotive-grade inductors are AEC-Q200 compliant. In addition, Eaton Bussmann has and will continue to work with OEMs that exceed this standard.
Suitable for a wide range of applications
Eaton Bussmann offers a wide range of inductors to suit a wide range of applications, making Eaton Bussmann's power components the best choice for the automotive industry. As cars get closer to full electrification, so will Eaton Bussmann's products to accommodate the new, evolving, and improved engine compartment and passenger needs.
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