There are two types of accelerometers: one is the angular accelerometer, which is improved from the gyroscope. The other is a linear accelerometer. It can also be divided into single-axis, dual-axis and three-axis accelerometers according to the measurement axis.
At present, accelerometers are used in many fields such as game control, handle oscillation and shaking, car brake start detection, ground motion detection, engineering vibration measurement, geological survey, oscillation test and interpretation, and safety oscillation detection. Here are a few examples of application scenarios to better understand the accelerometer.
1. Body safety, control and application in the system
Accelerometers have been widely used in the field of car electronics, not necessarily focused on body control, safety system and, typical applications such as car airbag (Airbag), ABS anti-lock braking system, electronic invariant law (ESP), electronic control hanging system, etc.
At present, people are paying more and more attention to body safety, the number of airbags in cars is increasing, and the requirements for response sensors are becoming more and more stringent. The entire airbag control system consists of a satellite sensor on the outside of the body, an accelerometer sensor (G-sensor) installed on the doors, roof, front and rear seats, an electronic controller, and an airbag. The electronic controller is a 16-bit or 32-bit MCU, and when the car hits, the shock sensor will send a signal to the electronic controller within a few microseconds.
The electronic controller then calculates and evaluates the data transmitted by sensors distributed throughout the cabin according to the severity of the bump, the number of passengers, and the seat/seat belt, and activates the airbag in the shortest possible time through the SquibDriver.
However, ABS and traction control system alone cannot meet the driving safety requirements of the vehicle on the curved section. The electronic immutability control system (ESC) can be used to control the vehicle from deviating from the lane by correcting understeer or oversteer during the driver's operation. The system uses a gyroscope to measure the vehicle's yaw angle and a low-gravity accelerometer to measure lateral acceleration. The resulting measurements are compared with the results obtained by calculating the driving speed and wheel skew angle, so that the vehicle steering can be adjusted to avoid side skidding.
In addition to the primary application of the body safety system, the accelerometer is also playing a major role in the system. It does not have to be conducive to GPS satellite signals to complete positioning. When entering an area or middle where the satellite signal is poorly received, such as a road, a forest of buildings, or a forest area, it will function due to the signal received. According to the 3-axis accelerometer of MEMS technology, the gyroscope or electronic compass and other elements can be used to establish an azimuth calculation system (DR, DeadReckoning) along the way, and complete the complementary application of the GPS system.
2. Hard disk impact protection
At present, due to the demand for storage of massive data, components such as hard disks and optical drives are widely used in laptops, mobile phones, digital cameras/camcorders, portable DVD players, PMPs and other devices. Due to the place where portable equipment is used, it often falls unexpectedly or is bumped, resulting in a huge impact on the internal components.
In order to protect the device and the data in it from damage, more and more users are demanding the impact resistance of portable devices.
Generally, the drop height of portable products is 1.2-1.3 meters, and it will be subjected to an impact of about 50KG when it hits the marble texture, but high-speed changing equipment such as hard disks is very wretched under such impacts.
If a 3-axis accelerometer is built into the hard disk, when a drop occurs, the system will detect the sudden change in acceleration and perform corresponding operations, such as enclosing electronic or mechanical devices with poor seismic performance and resetting the head to reduce the degree of damage to the hard disk.
3. Innovative application in consumer products
The 3-axis accelerometer completes the innovation space for conservative consumer and handheld electronic devices. It can be installed on the game console controller, as a user action collector to move his arms back and forth, at the mercy, and on the inferior movements, and in the game for virtual scene actions such as fists, rackets, jumps, fishing rods, etc., the past innocent finger activities into real body and body activities, to complete the sense of on-the-spot play and participation that is not possible to complete than the previous key operations.
In addition, the 3-axis accelerometer can also be used in an electronic pedometer, which will produce a certain discipline of oscillation when a person is in a person, and the accelerometer can detect the zero-crossing point of the oscillation, so as to calculate the number of steps taken by a person or the number of steps taken by a runner, so as to calculate the displacement of a person. And the formula of the operation can calculate the wear and tear in the card.
The electronic compass (3DCompass) is compensated and placed to the user's extent if the electronic compass is not skewed and calibrated. The operating accelerometer can measure the angle of inclination and compensate for the skew of the electronic compass.
It can also be used for anti-shake of digital cameras, to detect the oscillation/swaying of handheld devices, and to lock the shutter when the oscillation/swaying amplitude is too large, so that the image taken is always clear.
3-axis accelerometers are used in a wide range of applications, including for posture recognition and UI operation in handheld devices. For example, with a 3-axis accelerometer, the handheld device can automatically turn the screen.
The screen and messages displayed by the device will automatically change according to the user's actions. It detects the intent of the gravity vector by the internal sensor to confirm that the device is in a degree or vertical shape, and automatically adjusts the display shape to bring convenience to the user.
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