CNC machine tool is the abbreviation of digital control machine tool, which is an automatic machine tool equipped with a program control system. The control system is the numerical control system, which can logically process the program with the control code or other symbolic instruction rules, and decode it, so that the machine tool can move and process the parts. The numerical control system is composed of numerical control program, input equipment, output equipment, computer numerical control equipment (CNC equipment), programmable logic manipulator (PLC), spindle drive equipment and feed drive equipment (including testing equipment).
The numerical control system is controlled by CNC to control the position of each coordinate axis of the machine tool for continuous control, and the PLC completes the forward rotation and stop of the machine tool spindle, the clamping and loosening of the workpiece, the replacement of tools, the start and stop of hydraulic and pneumatic, cooling, smooth, etc.
CNC machine tools use PLC to exchange information with peripheral equipment. There are four parts of information exchange between PLC, machine tool and CNC, and there are four parts: machine tool to PLC, PLC to machine tool, CNC to PLC, and PLC to CNC. The signals on the machine tool side are input to the PLC through the I/O unit interface, such as the machine tool operation panel signal and various button switch signals; According to the equipment of the machine tool and the control function that needs to be completed, the PLC transmits the control signal to the machine tool side and controls some actuators on the machine tool, such as control relays, solenoid valves, etc.; The information sent by CNC to PLC can be directly sent into the register of PLC by CNC, and the meaning and address of all signals sent by CNC to PLC are confirmed by CNC system manufacturers, and PLC programmers can only use it, and cannot be changed, such as the function of M, S, T of CNC instructions, which are directly sent to the corresponding registers of PLC after CNC decoding; The information sent by PLC to CNC is also completed by the switching signal or register, and the signal address and meaning of all PLC sent to CNC are confirmed by the CNC system manufacturer, and the signal address of different CNC systems is different, and the PLC programmer can only use it, and cannot change it.
Siemens' 802DSL numerical control system is now used more in China, and now this system is used as an example to illustrate. The 802DSL CNC system is embedded with Siemens S7-200 PLC. It is possible to operate the PLC program directly on the system. In the signal of 802DSL numerical control system, the I signal is the input signal from the machine tool to the PLC; The Q signal is the signal output by the PLC to the machine tool; The VB signal is the exchange signal between the PLC and the CNC.
When the CNC machine tool is presented as a problem, first of all, we should figure out the WE phenomenon, ask the operator about the process of the problem, if you can, observe the process of the problem, pay attention to what kind of situation the problem is presented, how to present, what kind of consequences, whether to present the alarm; Then, according to experience, it is judged whether it is caused by the machine tool side or the CNC system; Finally, according to the circuit diagram and the monitoring PLC program, the fault points are analyzed and the fault points are found and eliminated. The following is an example to analyze the effect of PLC programming in CNC repair.
Taking the vertical machining center XH715 produced by Changchun CNC Machine Tool Co., Ltd. as an example, the CNC system equipped with this machine tool is Siemens' 802DSL. The operation of this machine is controlled by PLC. After the system is powered on, the smooth system is actively activated, and the indicator light is lit. After 5s of operation, the smooth system is actively aborted, and the indicator light is extinguished. After 30min, the smooth system actively starts for 5s, and so on. In manual mode, press and hold the smooth button of the guide rail to start the smooth system, and the indicator light will be lit together, release the button, and the smooth system will be suspended. When the smooth system is operating, the intermediate relay KA4 is energically engaged. The operation and intermittent time of the smooth system can be set in the system parameters. The PLC subroutines that control the change system are as follows:
When the smooth system of the machine tool shows faults, it can be monitored by the PLC program to find the faults. For example, when the machine tool is not smooth, the first thing should be checked from the hardware control circuit of the smooth pump to confirm whether the control hardware circuit is normal, if the hardware circuit is normal, Can be through PLC monitoring to see whether the PLC output signal Q0.3 has an output, if Q0.3 has an output, then it must be a PLC interface circuit has a problem, overhaul the PLC circuit board; if Q0.3 has no output, then, still through PLC monitoring in Q0.3 output front end of the control program which part is disconnected, and then in the corresponding search for the reason. Together, the time and intermittent time of the smooth pump can be changed at any time according to the site conditions. Therefore, PLC programming has played a great role in the repair of CNC machine tools.
Most of the CNC machine tools will have an alarm display when presenting a fault, and now the CNC system has an embedded PLC program, which can directly monitor and edit the PLC program on the system, so we can quickly infer whether the circuit is faulty or a condition is not met, providing a quick way to eliminate the fault. Therefore, if there is a smooth problem in the processing process, then we can analyze the fault point and eliminate it through the PLC program and the electrical circuit diagram of the machine tool.
After the above example, it can be seen that for the CNC system, CNC and PLC are its two core components, together PLC is the bridge between CNC and machine tool peripherals, so understand the PLC program of CNC machine tools, you can understand the action process of the entire machine tool, so when repairing CNC machine tools, it will become fast and accurate, which greatly improves the speed and quality of repair. As long as you understand the PLC program of the CNC machine tool, you can avoid a lot of detours, and you can also greatly shorten the fault time of the CNC machine tool. Therefore, in the repair process of CNC machine tools, it is crucial to be able to understand the PLC program of the machine tool.
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