【Structure of Robot Manipulator】
Through the application of modern design methods such as finite element analysis, modal analysis and simulation design, the optimal design of the robot operating mechanism is realized. Explore new high-strength, lightweight materials to further improve the load/weight ratio. For example, the robot company represented by the Germany KUKA company has changed the parallel quadrilateral structure of the robot to the open chain structure, expanding the working range of the robot, coupled with the application of lightweight aluminum alloy materials, greatly improving the performance of the robot.
In addition, the use of advanced RV reducer and AC servo motor makes the robot manipulator almost a maintenance-free system. Institutions are moving towards modularity and reconfigurability. For example, the servo motor, reducer, and detection system in the joint module are integrated; The robot is constructed by the joint module and the connecting rod module in a recombination way; Modular assembly robot products have been put on the market abroad. The structure of the robot is more agile, the control system is getting smaller and smaller, and the two are moving in the direction of integration. The use of parallel mechanism, the use of robot technology, to achieve high-precision measurement and processing, this is the expansion of robot technology to numerical control technology, for the future to achieve the integration of robotics and numerical control technology laid the foundation.
【Robot Control System】
Open, modular control system. The development of PC-based open controllers is convenient for standardization and networking; The integration of devices is improved, and the control cabinet is becoming smaller and smaller, and the modular structure is adopted; The reliability, ease of operation and maintainability of the system are greatly improved. The performance of the control system has been further improved, and it has been developed from the 6-axis robot that used to control the standard to the current 21-axis or even 27-axis, and has realized software servo and full digital control. The human-machine interface is more friendly, and the language and graphical programming interface are under development. The standardization and networking of robot controllers, as well as PC-based networked controllers, have become research hotspots. In addition to further improving the operability of online programming, the practical application of offline programming will become the focus of research, and offline programming has been practical in some fields.
【Robot Sensing Technology】
In addition to the traditional position, speed, acceleration and other sensors, the assembly and welding robot also applies laser sensors, visual sensors and force sensors, and realizes the automatic tracking of welds and the automatic positioning of objects on the automatic production line and precision assembly operations, which greatly improves the robot's operational performance and adaptability to the environment. The remote-controlled robot uses multi-sensor fusion technologies such as vision, sound, force, and touch to model the environment and control the decision. In order to further improve the intelligence and adaptability of robots, the use of multiple sensors is the key to their problem solving. The research focus is on effective and feasible multi-sensor fusion algorithms, especially in the case of nonlinear, non-stationary and non-normal distribution. Another issue is the practical application of sensing systems.
【Network communication function】
The latest robot controller of Japan YASKAWA and Germany KUKA company has realized the connection with Canbus, Profibus bus and some networks, making the robot from the past independent application to network application A big step, but also from the past special equipment to standardized equipment development.
【Robot remote control and monitoring technology】
Welding or other operations in high-risk environments such as nuclear radiation, deep water, and toxic require remote-controlled robots to work instead of humans. The development feature of contemporary remote control robot system is not the pursuit of full autonomous system, but is committed to the human-computer interaction control between the operator and the robot, that is, the remote control plus local autonomous system constitutes a complete monitoring and remote control operating system, so that the intelligent robot can go out of the laboratory and enter the practical stage. The Sojana robot launched to Mars by the United States is the most famous example of the successful application of this system. Coordinated control between multiple robots and operators, a large-scale robot remote control system can be established through the network, and a pre-display can be established for remote control in the case of time delay.
【Virtual Robotics】
The role of virtual reality technology in robots has evolved from simulation and rehearsal to process control, such as enabling remote control robot operators to feel like they are in a remote working environment to manipulate robots. Based on multi-sensor, multimedia, virtual reality and presence sensing technology, the virtual teleoperation and human-computer interaction of robots are realized.
【Robot performance-to-price ratio】
The performance of robots is constantly improving (high speed, high precision, high reliability, easy operation and maintenance), while the price of a single machine is decreasing. Due to the rapid development of microelectronics technology and the application of large-scale integrated circuits, the reliability of the robot system has been greatly improved. In the past, the reliability MTBF of a robotic system was typically several thousand hours, but now it has reached 50,000 hours, which can meet the needs of any application.
【Multi-agent control technology】
This is a completely new area of robotics research. This paper mainly studies the swarm architecture, communication and negotiation mechanism between multiple agents, perception and learning methods, modeling and planning, and group behavior control.
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