1. External force damage. Judging from the operation analysis in recent years, especially in Haipudong, which is developing rapidly, a considerable number of cable failures are caused by mechanical damage. For example, the cable laying and installation is not standardized, which is easy to cause mechanical damage; It is also very easy to damage the cable in operation when engaging in construction on the directly buried cable. Sometimes if the damage is not serious, it will take several months or even years to cause the damage site to completely break down and form a fault, and sometimes if the damage is serious, a short circuit fault may occur, which directly affects the safe production of electricity and electricity units.
2. The insulation is damp. This is also very common and usually occurs at cable joints that are buried directly or in a pipe run. For example, the unqualified production of cable joints and the joints made under humid climatic conditions will cause water or water vapor into the joints, and water branches will be formed under the action of the electric field for a long time, which will gradually damage the insulation strength of the cable and cause failures.
3. Chemical corrosion. The cable is directly buried in the area with acid and alkali effect, which often causes the armor, lead skin or outer sheath of the cable to be corroded, and the protective layer is subjected to long-term chemical corrosion or electrolytic corrosion, resulting in the failure of the protective layer and the reduction of insulation, which will also lead to cable failure.
4. Long-term overload operation. Overload operation, due to the thermal effect of the current, the load current through the cable will inevitably lead to conductor heating, at the same time, the skin effect of the charge, the eddy current loss of the steel armor, the loss of the insulating medium will also produce additional heat, so that the temperature of the cable increases. In long-term overload operation, excessive temperature will accelerate the aging of the insulation and cause the insulation to break down. Especially in the hot summer, the temperature rise of the cable often leads to the weak part of the cable insulation being broken down first, so in the summer, the cable fault is particularly numerous.
5. Cable gland failure. Cable joints are the weakest link in cable routes, and cable gland failures caused by direct human negligence (poor construction) often occur. In the process of making cable joints, if the original mesh is not crimped tightly and the heating is not sufficient, it will lead to the reduction of the insulation of the cable head, which will cause accidents.
6. Environment and temperature. The external environment and heat source of the cable will also cause the cable temperature to be too high, insulation breakdown, and even explosion and fire.
7. Normal aging of the cable body or natural disasters and other reasons.
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