As the main force measurement sensor, the force measurement scale of strain resistance sensors varies from muscle fibers to moon rockets, and the accuracy can reach 0.01%-0.1%. There are tensile types (in, tube, ring), zigzag and shear. Features of strain sensors:
Data type: metal strain gauge, semiconductor strain gauge.
Scale of application: strain, pressure, torque, displacement, acceleration.
Advantages: easy to use, high precision, large scale, small size.
The core component of the strain gauge: the resistance strain gauge, the stress change on the test piece is converted into the resistance change.
Strain effect: When a conductor or semiconductor is subjected to an external force, mechanical deformation occurs, resulting in a change in electrical resistance. This phenomenon of changing the resistance due to deformation is called the strain effect, and if the length of the resistance wire is uniform, the change of DL.DL.DA will lead to a change in DR. The strain effect of the metal can be obtained by the full differential DR of the above equation.
For a wire with a length of L, a cross-sectional area of A, and a resistivity of P, the resistance value is R.
Strain effects of metals.
If the resistance wire is round, then A = nr2, for r differential da = 2nrdr, bay D.
It is the Poisson's coefficient of the metal material.
KS is the sensitivity coefficient of the wire, which indicates the relative change in resistance caused by the unit strain. Confirm the metal data, (1+2) term is a constant, its value is about 1-2, the test proves that dp/p/sx is also a constant based on stress. Relationship with strains:
Strain s^dro^dro.
Stress can be converted into strain by an elastic element, which is the basic principle for measuring stress in strain sensors.
The resistance of the metal is changed relative to the strain.
Sensitivity KS is influenced by two factors:
(1) The slight change of the size of the strain gauge after being stressed, that is, 1+2:
(2) The change of the data resistivity after the strain gauge is stressed, i.e. (dp/p)/sxo.
Metal Facts:
In the sensitivity coefficient expression, the value of 1+2 is much greater than (dp/p)/sx.
Strain is a number with a dimension of 1. The strain is usually very small and is usually indicated by 10-6, for example, when the strain becomes 0.0001, it is usually indicated in engineering as 1x10-6 or m/m microstrain is also often referred to as strain measurement.
Semiconductor strain gauges are also known as piezoresistive sensors.
Pure resistive elements are made from the piezoresistive effect of semiconductor materials.
Piezoresistive effect:
With the change of effect stress, the resistivity of the semiconductor material changes.
Under the influence of the axial force and the semiconductor data, the resistance changes relatively.
Piezoresistive coefficient of NL semiconductor data. The 1+2 term changes with a few shapes, and the NLE term is the piezoresistive effect, which changes with resistivity.
The piezoresistive effect of semiconductors.
The results show that the sensitivity coefficient of NLE is nearly 100 times that of 1+2, so 1+2 can be neglected, so the sensitivity coefficient of semiconductor strain gauges: the sensitivity coefficient of semiconductor strain gauges is 50 times that of gold.
Advantages of semiconductor strain gauges:
Small size, high sensitivity, wide frequency response scale, wide output scale, no need for amplifier, can be directly connected to the recorder, making the measurement system simple.
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