In recent years, product life cycles for mechanical engineering have been shortening, and the trend towards product customization is becoming more and more significant. The market places a variety of demands on equipment manufacturers, such as:
◆ Constantly require shortened delivery time and commissioning time.
◆ Provide a higher degree of modularity in its products.
◆ Increase the productivity of their equipment – especially by reducing downtime and set-up time.
◆ Able to cope with the complexity of the equipment through the easy-to-operate user interface.
The above requirements mainly focus on the use function of the device.
These requirements inevitably lead to an exponential increase in the amount of resources that must be invested in software, and this growth is no longer influenced by traditional structures and R&D methods. As a future-oriented company, the involvement of a global R&D team and innovation partners is indispensable if a mechanical engineering company aims to meet rapidly growing software demands.
Software is playing an important role in device functionality like never before. Today, the focus is no longer on replacing electrical or mechanical functions. It is more likely that software functionality will be found and continuously added to existing systems or machine controllers to push or expand the boundaries of the system.
As a result, these companies must take into account new resource investments and may need to build new skills in problem areas that have not been relevant to their portfolios to date[5].
Medium-sized mechanical engineering design company in the midst of change
This growing relevance of engineering to IT means that in the future, mechanical engineering companies will need to specify the requirements for software systems and/or program, test, and maintain their own software [8].
Despite the growing importance of software, which is bound to bring new perspectives in all aspects, mechatronic systems will always be the starting point for any successful product in mechanical engineering (Figure 2). Therefore, the software must simulate at least the degree of customization of the relevant equipment and workshop according to the specific needs of the customer.
Modular software architecture – is it the key to success?
Configurable system of machine modules and function modules is now widely used in mechanical engineering and has been used to efficiently implement customer-specific solutions through the standardization of compatible interfaces and the modularization of machine functions. In addition to this, the software must meet the modularity and scalability of the system, so that these functions can be reused with minimal effort and cost.
Principle 1: Software architecture should be designed in a structured way
The general structure of a software system is determined by the software architecture. Software architecture design is a core element of managing system complexity. The main influencing factors in the design of software architecture include quality requirements such as performance, maintainability, reliability and security, while purely functional system requirements can in principle be executed with completely unstructured software. Unstructured, evolved software (often referred to as wool balls, yarn balls, and mud balls) can quickly introduce the risk of small functional expansions, resulting in changes to the overall software solution (see Figures 3 and 4).
Principle 2: Each system component should be assigned only one task
The basic primary design principles should ensure that these quality requirements are met. These principles can be considered as the basic principles of software design. In the principle of problem separation, each system component is assigned only one task. The better a single component can perform a logical task, the more consistent it is. In order to avoid shared functionality being copied rather than reused, it is necessary to ensure uniformity.
Principle 3: Software architecture must be applied at all levels
Software architectures are generally structured in a hierarchical or stepped manner, and the principles described earlier must be applied to all levels. Similar to building elements, architecture patterns or reference architectures provide design templates for the basic organizational structure and interactions of software components based on a reliable solution.
Different principles in practical use
The principles of opt-out and opt-in are often used to sell or deliver software produced in this way to implement a variety of functions in a variety of mechanical engineering scenarios. In the case of opt-out, the delivered software essentially includes all the functions that can be used in the modular system. However, in specific devices and customer configurations, only features that are required or specified by the customer will be activated. If the opt-in method is used, each necessary software extension will be added to the base system according to the configuration. In both cases, it is possible to directly configure and/or build software based on customer order data in the enterprise ERP system (Figure 6, top half).
Software as a cost driver?
1. Software as a cost-driven
When developing software with a future-proof framework, organizational structures and processes often present obstacles. This decision and information bottleneck have a certain causal relationship in software development and are reflected in Figure 7.
As a result, shortcomings in the development process often lead to quality and time issues, which can drive up costs. Therefore, the key to the efficient management of software architecture and the competitiveness of enterprises lies in the organizational structure of enterprises.
2. The status quo of software development in mechanical engineering design enterprises
Today, many medium-sized mechanical engineering companies often have only a handful of software developers responsible for creating the entire application and the visual interface. These developers often run the software directly on the device. At the same time, they are also responsible for building the communication network.
In the future, these problems will become even more acute – as described above – and the importance and role of software in modern production systems is increasing and will continue to intensify.
This dilemma can be solved by introducing the latest software development methods and modular software architectures. A tightly intertwined and iterative hardware and software development process with coordinated synchronization points optimizes project planning. Maintainable, coherent, reusable and recognizable software will bring several advantages to mechanical engineering design companies throughout the year.
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