Photoelectric sensors are sensors that use optoelectronic components as detection elements. It first converts the measured change into a change in the optical signal, and then further converts the optical signal into an electrical signal with the help of an optoelectronic component. Photoelectric sensors are generally composed of three parts: light source, optical path and optoelectronic components. Photoelectric sensors that use optoelectronic components as sensitive components are used in a wide variety of types and applications. According to the nature of the output of photoelectric sensors, they can be divided into two categories: (1) photoelectric measuring instruments made by converting the measured into continuously changing photocurrents, which can be used to measure the intensity of light and the physical quantities such as temperature, light transmittance, displacement and surface state of the object. For example: illuminance meter for measuring light intensity, photoelectric pyrometer, photoelectric colorimeter and turbidity meter, photoelectric alarm to prevent fire, automatic detection devices and instruments for checking the diameter, length, ovality and surface roughness of the processed parts, and the sensitive components are all optoelectronic components. Semiconductor optoelectronic components are not only widely used in the field of civilian industry, but also have an important position in the military. For example, lead sulfide photoresistors can be used to make infrared night vision devices, infrared cameras and infrared navigation systems; (2) I convert the photoelectric current that is measured into a continuous change. A variety of photoelectric automatic devices made by using the characteristics of "with" or "without" electrical signal output when photoelectric elements are irradiated by light or without light. The optoelectronic element is used as a switching photoelectric conversion element. For example, the photoelectric input of the electronic computer, the switching temperature adjustment device and the digital photoelectric speedometer for speed measurement.
What are the types of photoelectric sensors
There are several common classifications of photoelectric sensors:
(1) Geometry
Placing an optical transmitter and a receiver facing each other on either side of a slot is a fork photoelectric.
The luminaire emits infrared or visible light, and the light receiver receives the light in an unobstructed condition. However, when the detected object passes through the slot, the light is blocked and the photoelectric switch is activated. A switch control signal is output to cut off or turn on the load current, so as to complete a control action. The detection distance of the slot switch is generally only a few centimeters due to the limitation of the overall structure.
(2) Shoot
By separating the luminaire from the receiver, the detection distance can be increased. The photoelectric switch composed of a light emitter and a light receiver is called a through-beam split photoelectric switch, referred to as a through-beam photoelectric switch. Its detection distance can reach several meters or even tens of meters. When in use, the luminaire and the receiver are respectively installed on both sides of the path through which the detector passes, and when the detector passes through the optical path, the receiver outputs a switch control signal.
3) Specular reflection
The reflector and the receiver are installed in the same device, a reflector is installed in front of it, and the photoelectric control function is completed by using the reflection principle to complete the photoelectric control function is called the reflector reflection (or mirror reflection type) photoelectric switch. Under normal circumstances, the light emitted by the luminaire is reflected back by the reflector and received by the receiver; One day, when the optical path is blocked by the detected object, and the receiver cannot receive the light, the photoelectric switch will act and output a switch control signal.
(4) Diffuse reflection
It also has a light emitter and a light collector in the detection head, but there is no reflector on the front. Under normal circumstances, the light emitted by the luminaire cannot be found by the receiver. When the light is blocked by the detector and partially reflected back, the receiver receives the light signal and outputs a switching signal.
Photoelectric sensor features:
Advantage 1: Long detection distance.
We know that most of the sensors on the market have a very limited detection range. On the other hand, the new photoelectric sensor retains a detection distance of more than 10 in the through-beam type, and other detection methods can be realized.
Advantage 2: There are few restrictions on the detected object.
Since photoelectric sensors detect light shading and reflection caused by objects, they can detect almost any object such as glass, plastic, wood, and liquid, unlike proximity sensors, which limit the detection of objects to the metal range.
Advantage 3: Short response time.
As we all know, the propagation speed of light is very fast, so the response time of photoelectric sensors based on the propagation of light speed must also be very short. In addition, the circuits of photoelectric sensors are composed of electronic parts, so they do not contain any mechanical working time.
Advantage 4: High resolution.
Photoelectric sensors can achieve high resolution by concentrating the projection beam at a small spot through advanced design techniques or by forming a special light-receiving optical system. It is also possible to detect small objects and detect positions with high accuracy.
Advantage 5: Non-contact detection can be realized.
Photoelectric sensors can detect the detected object without mechanical contact and therefore do not cause damage to the detected object or the sensor. Moreover, it is also very advantageous to protect the photoelectric sensor itself, which can effectively extend its service life.
Advantage 6: It can realize the discrimination of color.
Photoelectric sensors detect the reflectivity and absorption of light formed by an object, which varies depending on the wavelength of the light being projected and the color combination of the detected object. With this property, the color of the object can be detected.
Advantage 7: Easy to adjust.
Photoelectric sensors are types that project visible light, and the projected beam is visible to the eye, making it easy to adjust the position of the detected object.
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