1. PCI is the abbreviation of Peripheral Component Interconnect (Peripheral Component Interconnect specification), which is the main expansion slot of industrial computers, and it is also the type of slot with the most onboard boards of industrial motherboards, ATX structure industrial motherboards generally have 4-6 PCI slots, and MINI-ITX industrial motherboards can also have PCI slots, which are widely used.
The PCI bus is a tree-like structure and is independent of the CPU bus and can be operated in parallel with the CPU bus. Only one PCI master is allowed on the PCI bus, and the others are PCI slaves, and the read and write operations can only be carried out between the master and slave devices, and the data exchange needs between the slave devices are transferred through the master device.
Characteristic:
1. High transmission rate
The maximum data transfer rate is 132MB/s, and when the data width is upgraded to 64-bit, the data transfer rate can reach 264MB/s. It greatly alleviates the data I/O bottleneck, so that the functions of high-performance CPUs can be fully utilized, and the needs of high-speed equipment data transmission are accustomed.
2. Multi-bus coexistence
The PCI bus allows multiple buses to coexist in a single system, accommodating devices of different speeds to work together. Through the HOST-PCI bridging component chip, the CPU bus and PCI bus are bridged; Through the PCI-ISA/EISA bridge component chip, the PCI bus and the ISA/EISA bus are bridged to form a hierarchical multi-bus system. High-speed equipment is removed from the ISA/EISA bus and moved to the PCI bus, while low-speed equipment can still be hung on the ISA/EISA bus, inheriting the original resources and expanding the compatibility of the industrial computer system.
3. Independent of CPU
The PCI bus is not attached to a detailed processor, that is, the PCI bus supports a variety of processors and new processors in the future, and the corresponding bridge components can be replaced when changing the processor variety.
2. CompactPCI, i.e., CPCI, compact PCI. In terms of electrical characteristics, the CPCI bus is based on the PCI electrical specification, which deals with the incompatibility of bus skills such as VME with the PCI bus, so that PC-based X86 architecture, hard disk storage and other skills can be used in the industrial field. In addition, due to serious improvements in interfaces and other places, industrial servers and industrial computers using CPCI skills have the advantages of high reliability and high density.
In terms of mechanical structure, the CPCI bus structure uses Eurocard connectors and standard 3U and 6U board sizes. In addition, the CPCI bus is very resistant to vibrations and ventilation, and it is also able to remove the board from the front panel of the industrial motherboard, making it extremely easy to replace and repair the board.
Characteristic:
1. Continue to use PCI bus skills.
2. Abandon the traditional mechanical structure of IPC, improve the heat dissipation conditions, improve the ability to resist oscillation impact, and meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility.
3. Abandon the PCI gold finger interconnection method and use a pinhole connector with a density of 2mm, which has air tightness and anti-corrosion, further improves the reliability and increases the load capacity.
3. PXI (PCI eXtensions for Instrumentation) is a modular instrument platform customized for industrial data acquisition and automation operation, with mechanical, electrical and software and other professional characteristics. It is an extension of the CompactPCI specification that combines the electrical bus features of PCI with the rugged, modular, and Eurocard mechanical package features of CompactPCI, with the addition of specialized synchronous buses and key software features.
As a result, PXI products have higher-level, more well-defined environmental consistency indicators that meet the extreme conditions of oscillation, impact, temperature, and humidity in industrial environments. PXI mandates the addition of environmental functional testing and active cooling equipment to the mechanical specification of CompactPCI to simplify system integration and ensure interoperability between products from different vendors. In addition, PXI is a high-functional, low-cost delivery platform for measurement and automation systems based on the high-speed PCI bus that adds timing and triggering features for the measurement and automation system. It can be used in manufacturing testing, aviation, rail transit, machine monitoring, automobile production and industrial testing.
Overall, PXI is a solid, modular instrumentation platform that proposes a highly functional standardized measurement and automation plan based on an industrial computer. Deliver much better functionality than legacy architectures at an affordable price point. PXI users naturally enjoy many conveniences, such as cheap, easy-to-use, and responsive PC skills; Open industry specifications and thorough interoperability with CompactPCI products.
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