The touch screen senses the contact of our fingers because when the finger touches a specific direction on the screen, it is equivalent to sending a precise electronic signal to the screen. There are many types of contact screens, which are broadly divided into resistive contact screens and capacitive contact screens. Now the most widely used is the "capacitive touch screen".
The first layer of our mobile phone is the protective layer, and the lower layer is the contact sensor layer. The contact sensor layer is coated with a thin layer of conductive metallic materials, such as indium tin oxide. This layer of contact sensors is actually made up of two layers, each with tiny electrodes at regular intervals, which overlap each other to form a chessboard-like grid that fills the screen, and of course, the spaces are much denser than the chessboard.
We can't see them off-screen because they're basically transparent and fill the entire screen. Each of these "checkerboards" is an electrode, and they all have a different number of "charges" that are balanced without touching the screen. As soon as your finger touches the screen, because the finger is a conductor, it will "agitate" the electrodes under the screen, which means that it will bring a new charge, which will damage the original equilibrium.
Here we are using a capacitive contact screen as an example, so the result of this balance is that your finger changes the "capacitance" of the point where it touches the screen. Changes in the size of the capacitance will be sensed by the chip inside the phone. The chip and sensor calculate a series of changes such as the electric field, electric current, and then calculate the orientation of the point where your finger touches the screen.
So the premise of all this is that your fingers are conductors and gloves are not, it's insulators, so there's no reaction to touching the screen.
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