In machine vision systems, it is critical to obtain a high-quality, processable image. The reason for the success of the system is to ensure that the image quality is good and the features are obvious. Most of the time a machine vision project fails due to poor image quality and inconspicuous features. To ensure a good image, it is necessary to choose a suitable light source.
Basic elements of light source selection:
Contrast: Contrast is very important for machine vision. The most important task of lighting for machine vision applications is to create maximum contrast between the features that need to be observed and the image features that need to be ignored, so that the features can be easily distinguished. Contrast is defined as having enough graymetric distinction between a feature and the area around it. Good lighting should ensure that the features to be inspected stand out from the rest of the background.
Brightness: When choosing between two light sources, the best option is to choose the brighter one. When the light source is not bright enough, there are three bad things that can happen. First, the signal-to-noise ratio of the camera is insufficient; Since the brightness of the light source is insufficient, the contrast of the image is inevitably insufficient, and the possibility of noise on the image increases. Secondly, the brightness of the light source is not enough, and it is necessary to increase the aperture, which reduces the depth of field. In addition, when the brightness of the light source is insufficient, random light such as natural light will have the greatest impact on the system.
Robustness: Another way to test a good light source is to see if the light source is the least sensitive to the position of the part. When the light source is placed in different areas of the camera's field of view or at different angles, the resulting image should not change with it. The light source with strong directionality increases the possibility of specular reflection on the highlight area, which is not conducive to the subsequent feature extraction.
A good light source needs to be able to make the features you are looking for very obvious, in addition to the camera being able to capture the part, a good light source should be able to produce maximum contrast, be bright enough, and be insensitive to changes in the position of the part. Once the light source is chosen, the rest of the work is much easier. The specific method of selecting the light source also depends on the practical experience of the experiment.
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